Constitution kosova position changed from being part of federal system of yugoslavia then going through losing the federal element for a while constitution of 1963 and again on getting the same position equal to other federal unitsrepublics with the constitution of 1974. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we. Bosnia and herzegovinas constitution of 1995 with amendments through 2009. The 1974 constitution not only exacerbated serbian fears of a weak serbia, for a strong yugoslavia but also hit at the heart of serbian national sentiment.
Yugoslavia yugoslavia was a country in europe from 1918 to 2003. With 406 original articles, the 1974 constitution was one of the longest constitutions in the world. The socialist federal republic of yugoslavia sfry, also known as sfr yugoslavia or simply yugoslavia, was a country located in central and southeastern europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of world war ii until its dissolution in 1992 amid the yugoslav wars. Everyone shall have the right to free development of his personality if this does not violate the rights of others guaranteed by the constitution. It provides a balanced understanding of the common hopes and fears which held its ethnic mosaic together, and the ethnic con. The changes are based on an endorsement by serbias assembly of a working group report that found the 1974 yugoslav constitution was unconstitutional in allowing the socialist autonomous provinces of kosovo and vojvodina to block amendments to the serb constitution and that the 1974 constitution. The constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia pdf. Arhiv jugoslavije the constitution of the sfry, february 21. The legislation on amending the constitution must be drafted by the assembly at the joint session of the assembly8 and be presented to the public for discussion,9 and must finally be decided at a joint session of all cham bers of the assembly. The changes are based on an endorsement by serbias assembly of a working group report that found the 1974 yugoslav constitution was unconstitutional in allowing the socialist autonomous provinces of kosovo and vojvodina to block amendments to the serb constitution and that the. After world war ii 19391945, yugoslavia became a communist country. A majority of serbs see kosovo as the cradle of the nation, and would not accept the possibility of losing it to the majority albanian population. The concept of yugoslavia, as a single state for all south slavic peoples, emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence through the illyrian movement of the 19th century.
Yugoslav citizenship shall be regulated by federal law. Ustav socijalisticke federativne republike jugoslavije. Constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 21 feb 1974 author. In 1981, albanian students organized protests seeking to make kosovo a republic within yugoslavia. Thare wis no proclaimed offeecial leid at federal level. The constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia. The rise and fall of yugoslavia portland state university. Il problema del mercato unitario jugoslavo, estovest, xiv 4. On november 29, 1988, a massive set of constitutional amendments was promulgated, which scrapped some of.
Constitutional status of autonomous provinces under the 1974 sfry. Breakup of yugoslavia ebooks read ebooks online free ebooks. The constitution was promulgated at the session of the council of nationalities of the federal assembly. The first constitution of the fpry was unanimously declared at the joint session of both chambers of the constitutional assembly. Before tito came into power, yugoslavia experienced a variety of governmental. At times the status of the yugoslav constitution has been extra2 in yugoslavia, the role of the constitution as a summary of laws may be par. From the croatian crisis to the 1974 constitution 305 from halfmarket to contractual economy 315 foreign policy and the debt crisis, 19791985 321 the failure of federal leadership and economic retreat, 19861988 327 11 ethnic politics and the end of yugoslavia 332 social strains and regional relations 333 new leaders and new politics 345. The constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia, february 21, 1974. Yugoslavias disintegration that ended with kosovos independence declaration in 2008. Serbian nationalism and the origins of the yugoslav crisis. Constitution of the republic of serbia official gazette of the rs. With the passing of the yugoslav constitution in 1974, kosovo gained the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia. Despite retaining a communist oneparty political regime throughout its existence 1945 1991, yugoslavia was the first socialist country to attempt farreaching economic. Dignity and free development of individuals article 23 human dignity is inviolable and everyone shall be obliged to respect and protect it.
Tito died in 1980, and tensions between serbs and ethnic albanians within kosovo intensified. As a result, even before the collapse of east european communism in late 1989, yugoslavia had begun the task of seriously reforming a failed socialist system. This constitution stripped kosovo and vojvodina of their autonomous status within serbia, and belgrade assumed direct rule in kosovo and vojvodina. The constitution of 1974 gave yugoslav republican elites the form and the. The south slavs were then free to form their own state. The socialist social system of the socialist fe deral republic of yugoslavia is based on the power of the working class and all working people and on relations among people as free and equal prod ucers and creators whose labour serves exclusively for the satisfaction of their personal and common needs.
It added elaborate language protecting the selfmanagement system from state interference and expanding representation. Yugoslavias national assembly passes amendments allowing serbia to change its constitution. This paper is dedicated to the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia sfr yugoslavia, hereafter yugoslavia, 2 a country that was known for its unique system of market socialism. It came into effect on 21 february 1974 with 406 original articles, the 1974 constitution was one of the longest constitutions in the world. Yugoslavia as history twice there was a country second edition yugoslavia as history is the. The constitution called the restructured federal assembly.
Yugoslaviaa now nonexistent countryflourished under the influential leadership of josip broz tito 18921980. The socialist federal republic o yugoslavie sfr yugoslavie or sfry wis the yugoslav state that existit frae its foondation in the eftermath o warld war ii till its dissolution in 1992 amid the yugoslav wars. The parliament of yugoslavia was the deliberative body of yugoslavia. Full name in the slovene leid slovene anly uises laitin. Yugoslavias numerous constitutional arrangements during the postworld war ii.
The rise and fall of market socialism in yugoslavia doc. Under the 1974 constitution, each of the six republics of slovenia, croatia, bosnia and herzegovina, serbia, montenegro, and macedonia, as well as the two autonomous provinces of kosovo and vojvodina, which remained within serbia in that constitution, was represented in an eightmember collective presidency. The name was created by the combination of the slavic words jug south and slaveni slavs. In accordance with the existing constitution, promulgated on feb. It was prompted by yet another attempt of the communist old guard, led by tito and his most trusted ideological ally, edvard kardelj, to solve the twin problems of the early 1970s. If 1974 marked the beginning of yugoslavias national crisis, it also augured the end of the praxis groups legal existence. Another constitution was passed in 1974 that gave yugoslavias central leadership greater control over the legislative branch while retaining the decentralizing provisions of the 1971 constitution. The beginning of the end of federal yugoslavia the carl beck. In reality, their proposal was closer to the slovenian and croatian model in that it explicitly limited the right to. Although many things had taken place since the republic declared its independence and dropped the term socialist from its name, it had not managed to formally overhaul its constitution until the new constitution went into effect on 14 december 1995. However, by the time of the 1974, the autonomous provinces had defacto, but not. A new constitution in 1974 reduced the presidency to 9 members.
We will never know, but the structure it had under titos yugoslav constitution of 1974 laid the groundwork for conflict and separation. Why yugoslavia failed by dejan guzina could yugoslavia have been kept from breaking up by a different form of federal system. Transconflict yugoslavia the constitution of 1974 and. Yugoslavian constitutional questions living in croatia 0 captured at least fifteen percent of croatias territory in response to the secession, and declared themselves autonomous of croatian sovereignty. The 1974 yugoslav constitution was the fourth and final constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia. Breakup of yugoslavia project gutenberg selfpublishing. Includes text of a report on the final draft of the constitution by mijalko todorovic, president of the federal assembly and chairman of its joint constitutional commission. The country brought together the various ethnic groups of the region under one. These principles were ensuring a single market, guaranteeing human and minority rights across the whole of yugoslavia, and maintaining a common foreign and defence policy.
The constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia 1974 preamble. In the ambiguity surrounding the kosovo problem, hardliners organized a putsch in serbias communist party in 1987, bringing the most conservative. Croatia and slovenia unrecognized the republic of croatia and the republic of slovenia were two of the six republics of the sfry. Article 17 the federal republic of yugoslavia shall confer yugoslav citizenship on its inhabitants.
Churches shall be free and equal in conducting religious. Everyone shall have the right to free development of his personality if this does not violate the rights of others. Socialist federal republic of yugoslavia wikipedia. The government did in fact prepare the draft constitution, which in december 1974 was distributed to the mps and given wide publicity. English translation of the constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 1974. Most important were constitutional amendments introduced between 1967 and 1971 that had a decisive impact on serbalbanian relations. Constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 21 feb. League of communist organisations which would be free to join the lcy. A yugoslav citizen shall be simultaneously a citizen of one of its member republics. It was made on the model of the 1936 soviet constitution stalins constitution. Instead, the proposal adamantly defended the principle of consensus and the rights to selfdetermination established in the 1974 constitution. Tito tried to institutionalize his policy of brotherhood and unity. It added elaborate language protecting the selfmanagement system from state interference and expanding representation of republics and provinces in all electoral and policy forums. Adopted by the federal peoples assembly april 7, 1963 considering the historical fact that the working people of yugoslavia, under the leadership of the communist party, overthrew the former class society based on exploitation, political oppression and national inequality by their struggle in the peoples liberation war and socialist revolution in order to found a community in.
The constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia yugoslavia on. The territory of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia is unified, consisting of the territories of the socialist republics. In the early 1990s, fighting between ethnic groups and the collapse of. This particularly refers to the part on the role and authority of executive bodies of power. Arhiv jugoslavije constitution of the fpry, january 31, 1946. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the political science at. Mar 27, 2018 ustav socijalisticke federativne republike jugoslavije 1974.
Socialist federal republic of yugoslavia hereinafter. Tables 287 bibliography 303 glossary 321 index 325 list of figures 1 administrative divisions of yugoslavia, 1990 xxii 2 military frontier province between the habsburg and ottoman empires, ca. Arhiv jugoslavije the constitution of the sfry, february. Yugoslavia was the result of the corfu declaration, as a project of the serbian parliament in exile and the. Yugoslavia is a federal republic comprising six socialist republics see table 1. Full name in serbocroatie an macedonie, written in cyrillic. Taking as point of departure the historic fact that the workers, peasants and progressive people of all the nations and nationalities of yugoslavia, united in the national liberation front headed by the communist party, by their struggle in the na tional liberation war and socialist revolution overthrew. Yugoslavias 1974 constitution is a perfect example of this paradox. The solutions adopted under the 1967, 1968 and 1971 amendments were entered into the new constitution.
Constitution of yugoslavia 1963 wikisource, the free. Yugoslavia the constitution of 1974 and some political results higher rates of albanian participation in the political institutions of the 1970s federation would suggest that ethnic albanians accepted the political system and that they enjoyed rights similar to those of other nations and national groups in yugoslavia. The 1974 yugoslav constitution was the fourth and final constitution of the socialist federal. Full name in the serbocroatie an macedonie leids, written in the laitin alphabet see name section for details. For of all the yugoslav nations, only the serbs needed a unified yugoslavia more than it needed them. Tito purged the belgrade 8 from the university the following year. Yugoslavia article about yugoslavia by the free dictionary. Constitution of yugoslavia 1974 wikisource, the free. The country brought together the various ethnic groups of the region under one government. Fitting in with the general perception of posttito yugoslavia as a loose and unwieldy entity, most. The constitution of the socialist federal republic of. The peculiar feature of the document was the presence of many references to europe and the european community with the absence of any references to yugoslavia. Bosnia and herzegovinas constitution of 1995 with amendments.
Oct 28, 2019 1974 yugoslav constitution last updated october 28, 2019 the 1974 constitution. May 03, 2020 the constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia 1974 preamble. The basis of the socialeconomic system of yugoslavia is free, associated work with socially owned means of labor, and selfmanagement of the working people in production and in distribution of the social product in the working organization and social community. In 1974 yugoslavia promulgated its third postwar constitution. The implementation of the yugoslav constitution of 1974 turned the country into an. The socialist federal republic of yugoslavia comprises the socialist republics of bosnia and herzegovina, croatia, macedonia, montenegro, serbia and slovenia. Before world war ii in the kingdom of yugoslavia it was known as the national assembly narodna skupstina, while in the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia the name was changed to federal assembly serbocroatian. The rise and fall of yugoslavia in the last century, one nation achieved an incredible rise to power and devastating collapse in the span of mere decades. Constitution of the federal republic of yugoslavia refworld. Yugoslavia had survived for decades, and it made little sense that one of the most prosperous and free of the european communist states would go down the path of spiraling violence and selfdestruction. The constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia, february 21, 1974 the constitution was promulgated at the session of the council of nationalities of the federal assembly.